The Oklahoma Land Races of the 19th Century

Considering the inflated prices that real estate isin Oklahoma. By the time of the land rush of 1893,
experiencing almost universally today, it seemsthe rush for the Cherokee Strip, America was
incredible that the US government ever sold land offlanguishing in the worst economic depression it had
at pennies per acre and even gave it away for free,ever seen. The US government hoped that holding
but that's exactly what happened to much ofland races for free land, rather than offering
Oklahoma in the late 1800s. What was once reservedOklahoma land for sale would stimulate the economy
as Indian Territory was opened up to white settlersby creating farms and crops at a low cost.
in the biggest, most chaotic land grab in AmericanThis was one of the factors that swelled the number
history.of hopeful land-racers that day. Many would be
Despite the solemn commitment Congress made indisappointed. There were only 42,000 homesteads -
1828 to a number of Native American tribes that thefar too few to accommodate the estimated 100,000
area eventually becoming Oklahoma would foreverwho raced for land that day. Additionally, many of
be reserved as Indian Territory, and land they hadthe "Boomers" - those who waited for the cannon's
been forced to occupy after being driven out of theirboom before rushing into the land claim - found that
ancestral lands, Congress reneged on that promise.most of the choice plots of Oklahoma land had
Forcing the Cherokees to put up their Oklahoma landalready been claimed by "Sooners" who had snuck
for sale, and to accept a paltry $7,000,000, the USinto the land claim area before the race began.
government claimed back 7,000,000 acres. The tribesThe impact of the land rush was immediate,
who occupied the lands were known as the Fivetransforming the land almost overnight. Unlike Rome,
Civilized Tribes; the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw,many cities of Oklahoma were built in a day. William
Creek and Seminole - who allied themselves with theWillard Howard recorded his observations of the
South during the Civil War.Oklahoma land races in Harper's Weekly in May of
Following the war, the US government regarded1889. He said "At twelve o'clock on Monday, April
these tribes as defeated enemies. This animosity,22d, the resident population of Guthrie was nothing;
combined with increasing pressure to open up thebefore sundown it was at least ten thousand.
Indian Territory to white settlers, resulted in literallyIn that time streets had been laid out, town lots
dirt cheap Oklahoma land for sale, and eventually,staked off, and steps taken toward the formation of
free land to whomever could claim it first.a municipal government. . . Never before in the
The newly available Oklahoma land for sale was soldhistory of the West has so large a number of people
first-come, sold by bid, or won by lottery, or bybeen concentrated in one place in so short a time. To
means other than a run. The settlers, no matter howthe conservative Eastern man, who is wont to see
they acquired occupancy, purchased Oklahoma landcities grow by decades, the settlement of Guthrie
for sale from the United States Land Office. Thewas magical beyond belief; to the quick-acting
Oklahoma Land Run of 1889 was the most prominentresident of the West, it was merely a particularly
of the land runs, although there were several others.lively town-site speculation.
Between 1889 and 1895 there were seven land races